How does clause 18 of article i, section 8, known as the "elastic" or the "necessary and proper" clause, affect the powers of congress? a. the clause grants members of congress the power to send mail without paying postage. b. the clause explains the powers that congress must use to amend the constitution. c. the clause limits congress's power to check the authority of the executive branch. d. the clause grants congress its implied powers.

D is the correct answer.

The necessary and proper clause is the basis for granting Congress implied powers.

The general argument is that Congress has the ability to make laws that are necessary and proper "for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States."

What does that mean? Well, what do you want it to mean? Congress has taken it to justify a lot of what they would like to do.

D.The clause grants Congress its implied powers.

Explanation:

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valentina tereshkova

soviet cosmonaut valentina tereshkova became the first woman to fly to space when she launched on the vostok 6 mission june 16, 1963. valentina tereshkova was the first woman to go into space. in 1963, she spent almost three days in space and orbited earth 48 times in her space capsule, vostok 6.jan 22, 2018

answer: ensure protection from communism

explanation:

the north atlantic treaty was largely dormant until the korean war initiated the establishment of nato to implement it, by means of an integrated military structure: this included the formation of supreme headquarters allied powers europe in 1951, which adopted the western union's military structures and plans.