The thirteenth amendment to the u. s. constitution
a) declared that the right to vote could not be denied on account of race.
b) officially ended slavery.
c) granted "citizenship" to the freedmen.
d) provided that states could only count three-fifths (60%) of their black population when determining how many members they would be given in the u. s. house of representatives.
e) opened up the west to homesteading by african americans.