What were some of the new social opportunities for african americans in the south after the civil war, and how were african americans prevent from taking full advantage of these opportunities?

After slavery finally came to an end the government across the South created black codes. These laws gave certain legal rights to blacks, they were finally given the right to marry, own property, and sue in court, but the Codes  made it illegal for blacks to serve on juries, go against whites. The black codes basically made everything harder for African Americans.

the first forms of writing came from them in the form of pictographs around 3100 bc.

b is the answer i am assuming