How is a monarchy different from a patriarchy?

a. a monarchy is run by religious leaders, whereas a patriarchy is run by one ruler.
b. a monarchy may be run by a man, whereas a patriarchy may be run women only.
c. a monarchy is run by one ruler, whereas a patriarchy is run by religious leaders.
d. a monarchy may be run by a woman, whereas a patriarchy is run by men only.

D. A monarchy may be run by a woman, whereas a patriarchy is run by men only.

Explanation:

A monarchy is a form of government with a monarch as a ruler. That said monarch can be a king, a queen, empress, emperor etc. It is not dictated by gender only by bloodline or in some cases by vote. In a patriarchy only men hold the power. It is impossible for a woman to rule in a patriarchy. There can also be a monarchy with only men as rulers but that is not fixed like in a patriarchy.

A monarchy may be run by a woman, whereas a patriarchy is run by men only

Explanation:

A monarchy is a form of government in which the supreme power in a state is fully or partially owned by one person - the monarch (in some cases, co-rulers). Most often, monarchical power is hereditary when a dynasty is formed, but elections of the monarch are not excluded, in particular, when the dynasty is interrupted.

Robert Filmer, in his work Patriarcha, or The Natural Power of Kings, in his conception of the Patriarchy, considered Adam’s power to be the primary source of royal power. In this case, the power of the monarch and the power of the father differ only quantitatively, but not qualitatively. Nevertheless, the emergence of political dominance is based on Adam’s right referring to gender. The source of political law for him is not fatherhood, but “gender affiliation.”

formulating the initial idea for the policy

answer is c.

a case involving the laws of a single state.