Extreme nationalism, individuals existing for the good of the state, and unquestioning loyalty to the leader are defining characteristics of

This can refer to Nazism that ruled Germany under the leadership of Adolph Hitler.  Many of its followers have these characteristics.  It can also refer to any extreme group or government that suppresses other people.  Even today there are groups who have these characteristics and are a threat to others.

why do you think kush in nubia is not as well-known as egypt?

this means that germany had to pay the allied countries. reparations are/is essentially payment for something that they have done wrong, so after ww1, germany was forced to pay reparations so they could replenish the allied countries resources' that they had lost during the war.