Psycology in social

1.which of the following statements is true of persuasive messages?

a. an effective message will reach all audiences, regardless of background.
b. messages that offer a remedy for a person's fears tend to be effective.
c. messages presenting a one-sided argument tend to be more effective than "he said; she said" messages.
d. people tune out repetitious messages, so they quickly lose effectiveness.

2. in experiments intended to measure conformity, it was found that

a. about half of subjects went along with an incorrect group consensus in 50 percent of trials.
b. the tendency of subjects to conform increased in smaller groups.
c. 10 percent of subjects went along with the incorrect group consensus on every trial.
d. the majority of subjects disagreed with the incorrect group consensus in 75 percent of trials.

3. in terms of the general adaptation syndrome, the body prepares for a long, drawn-out battle during the stage.

a. resistance
b. exhaustion
c. fight-or-flight
d. alarm

4. which statement is most accurate about group behavior?

a. social loafing is a form of bystander apathy.
b. cheering fans at a sports event produce evaluation apprehension in the players.
c. people tend to perform well-practiced skills better in front of an audience.
d. nervousness tends to impair performance in front of an audience.

5. what were the results when male and female experimental subjects gazed steadily into each others' eyes for two minutes?

a. some subjects showed signs of restlessness or anger.
b. both subjects burst out laughing.
c. many of the subjects reported that he or she felt dominated.
d. many subjects reported having passionate feelings for their gazing partner

6. a secret bigot exhibits cynical political correctness but a/an bigot goes along simply to get along.

a. frightened
b. tolerant
c. active
d. reluctant

7. suppose you're at a store and you see something you would really like. you know your spouse will be very angry if you buy it and you don't want to get into an argument. in this situation, you're experiencing conflict.

a. avoidance-avoidance
b. multiple-approach-avoidance
c. approach-avoidance
d. approach-approach

8. which one of the following ads is an example of the peripheral route to persuasion?

a. an ad for toothpaste which stresses its ability to fight cavities
b. an ad for a restaurant that shows a happy couple dining
c. an ad for a car which points out the car's safety features
d. an ad for a cell phone service that emphasizes clear calls

9. social psychology can best be defined as the study of

a. attitude perception and formation.
b. interactions between individuals.
c. individual responses to group expectations.
d. society formation.

10. the common factor that seems to mark the conversion of a crowd into a mob is

a. collective emotional arousal.
b. a preestablished mob mentality.
c. a lurking beast in all of us.
d. a tendency of all people to go along with the crowd.

1. ANSWER: A. An effective message will reach all audiences, regardless of background. 

For a message to be persuasive, it is important for the message to appeal to listeners with different opinions. A persuasive message not only aims to affirm like-minded opinions, but it should also aim to make an impact to everyone especially to the audience who do not necessarily believe in the message.

2. ANSWER: C. 10 percent of subjects went along with the incorrect group consensus on every trial.

A few of the famous studies in psychology were the Asch conformity experiments. It was a series of studies conducted by Asch in the 1950s to test the degree of conformity of individuals.

Among the choices, an exact percentage do not match those of Asch's results; however, choices B and D specifically contradicts it since he reported that a smaller group decreases the degree of conformity and only a small 25% consistently disagreed with the incorrect majority.

Choice C is the closest option that agrees with Asch, since he reported that 5% consistently agreed with the incorrect majority.

3. ANSWER: D. alarm

The general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is the body's way of responding to stressors. The first stage is the alarm stage, and this is the stage where the body has just been alerted of the stressor and would therefore start preparing.

If a man suddenly appears in front of you in the middle of the night, the body kicks off the alarm stage by sending a distress signal to the hypothalamus. This then provides you with the necessary energy to deal with the stressor.

4. ANSWER: B. Cheering fans at a sports event produce evaluation apprehension in the players.

Among all options, only B describes group behavior accurately. While D tends to be true, it does not describe a behavior of a group. Moreover, choice C says the opposite of D, and this is not commonly true since nervousness does impact group performance when in front of an audience.

Finally, choice A describes two different kinds of group behavior. Social loafing refers to the slacking behavior of members in a group while bystander apathy refers to people's tendency to refuse help when other people are around.

By eliminating the other choices, we can know the answer. It is also common knowledge that cheers boost morale and encourages groups to perform better.

5. ANSWER: D. Many subjects reported having passionate feelings for their gazing partner.

Over the years, numerous researches have already tried to find out what happens when people stare into each other's eyes for a period of time. Most of these studies concluded that gazing for approximately two minutes triggers the brain to release hormones that are responsible for these passionate feelings. This is why we are also inclined to trust people who are staring (friendly) at us.

6. ANSWER: A. frightened

As the adjective suggests, a frightened bigot is a bigot who is afraid to be identified as a bigot and to be isolated because of it. Therefore, this person tends to pretend to agree with the opinions of those around him/her simply to get along. Bigots are people who are narrow-minded and who refuse to see other points of view.

7. ANSWER: C. approach-avoidance

That situation caused you to experience approach-avoidance conflict. As the name implies, approach-avoidance is something you experience when you are inclined to a certain thing but then changed your mind (avoided it) because of a bad consequence that you realized.

In the mentioned situation, you approached the thing because you strongly like it however you decided to avoid it upon thinking of your spouse's anger in case you buy it.

8. ANSWER: B. An ad for a restaurant that shows a happy couple dining

A peripheral route to persuasion happens when people are tend to be swayed to a certain side of an argument (or towards an ad in this case) because of factors other than the actual content of the argument (or the strengths of the product). An example of this could be a convincing speaker or even merely attractive models.

Among the choices, the only ad that is not highlighting the strength of the product advertised would be the restaurant ad. Instead of highlighting its supposedly delicious foods, it's just showing a happy couple, something that may not be related to the restaurant itself.

9. ANSWER: B. interactions between individuals.

We can deduce the definition of social psychology from the name itself. From the word "social" alone, we can have a gist that the term has something to do with society, or more specifically the individuals that interact within the society.

By knowing that psychology is the study of the human mind, we can then completely define social psychology as the study of interactions between individuals. This definition combines the essence of the two words most accurately and presents a general definition that aligns with the concept.

10. ANSWER: D. a tendency of all people to go along with the crowd. 

Refer to the attached image for explanation [redacted because of the character limit].

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