Bout what people did an observer write these words in 1444: they lived like beasts, without any of the customs of rational creatures, since they did not even know what were bread and wine, nor garments of cloth, nor life in the shelter of a house?

This line is cited in Debrunner, 1979. It describes the testimony of a Portuguese man, D’ Azurara, when he saw African slaves arriving in Lagos, Portugal during the reign of Henry the Navigator (1394-1460).

While the speaker pities the fate of the slaves, he claims that a better fate is waiting for them, as they will be taken in to Portuguese houses, taught the doctrine of Christianity and get acquainted with Portuguese culture.

Portraying African cultures and religions as savage or primitive was a common rhetorical device to defend slavery, by portraying Europeans as saviors.

polling is a process and the outcome is not involved in the process itself.

the outcome, which is an unfavorable rating for a particular candidate is not affected by the mechanical process of polling.

it rather depends on the number of people voting in favor of the candidate.

this is an outcome of people's preferences.

one of the major compromises in the constitutional convention was between the small states and big states. the small states wanted each state to have the same number of representatives in congress. the big states wanted representation based on population.