Edward titchener was concerned primarily with the discovery of what

Structuralism

Edward Titchener was concerned primarily with creating his version of psychology that described the structure of the mind. He was a follower of the German psychologist Wilhelm Wundt, the founder of experimental psychology. Titchener refined Wundt's theory to make it more systematic  

answer

explanation

the given equation is

we can rewrite this as:

let

then the equation becomes:

the factors of 8 that sum up to -9 are {-1,-8}

we split the middle term with these factors to obtain,

we factor by grouping to obtain:

apply the zero product property to get:

but

the tariff was created to protect industry in the northern part of the united states. industries in the north were being driven out of business by imported goods that were priced at a low rate. the goal was to protect these industries   by taxing the goods.