During world war ii, us naval forces were able to intercept the japanese fleet before it reached midway because us ships were on their way to japan when they met the outbound fleet. us ships waited near the island to intercept inbound japanese ships. us intelligence had deciphered messages laying out the japanese plan. us warplanes on their way to japan happened to spot the inbound fleet.

the correct answer is the third option (C)US intelligence had deciphered messages laying out the Japanese plan.

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I believe the answer is: US intelligence had deciphered messages laying out the Japanese plan.

At that time, the Japanese codes do not utilize  mechanical encipherment like Germany's.  The united states navy at that time hire cryptogaphers from various allied countries and collectively able to decipher around 90,000 of japanese words and phrases.