Explain how the von thunen model describes an urban rural set up, and what is included in each ring of the model.

The Von Thunen Model describes an urban rural setup with the following assumptions:

1. That the city is centrally located within an isolated state that has no external influences and is self-sufficient.

2. That an unoccupied wilderness surrounds the isolated state.

3. That the state's land is completely flat and there are no mountains or rivers to interrupt the terrain.

4. That the climate and soil quality are consistent throughout the entire state.

5. That the farmers in the isolated state will transport their goods to the market through oxcart, across the land, and is directly to the center of the city. Thus, there are no roads.

6. Farmers will act to maximize their profits.  

The Four Rings

1. First ring - the ring that is closest to the city and includes intensive farming and dairying  

2. Second ring - firewood and timber would be produce for building materials and fuel

3. Third ring - includes extensive field crops like grains for bread

4. Fourth or final ring - ranching

john smith was the first englishman to sail around the world. francis bacon served as attorney general and lord chancellor of england. he took up aristotelian ideas, arguing for an empirical, inductive approach, known as the scientific method, which is the foundation of modern scientific inquiry.

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