How were the japanese able to surprisehow were the japanese able to surprise the us at pearl harbor?

a. japanese land forces had invaded hawaii unnoticed.
b. japanese submarines invaded pearl harbor unnoticed.
c. apanese airplanes had flown to the us mainland unnoticed.
d. japanese aircraft carriers had approached hawaii unnoti the us at pearl harbor?

option d is correct. corroborated sources of historical evidence   is necessary to validate a claim about an event in history.

historians tend to use written sources, but audio and visual materials as well as artifacts are important objects that supply information to modern historians.

historical sources are usually divided into two categories: primary and secondary sources. depending on the historian's intent, some sources shift their designation. determining what type of sources toimplement, and the level of credibility and reliability of those sources, is a significant step in critical thinking for the historian.

explanation: