Francis joseph i was the
a. emperor of the ottoman empire and king of turkey.
b. king of france and emperor of germany.
c. emperor of romania and king of the czechs.
d. emperor of austria and king of hungry.

One specific historical event or development during the period 1786-1861?

For in this unit, you read about transitions of power and the formation of newly independent nations in africa, asia, the americas, and the middle east. some of these transitions were peaceful, while others caused long-term instability. why do you think some countries were more successful than others with political transitions? what do you think were the biggest challenges facing newly independent countries? would it have been possible for leaders to prevent these problems before they happened? why or why not?

Is karma the same as destiny, in the sense that everything that happens to you is predetermined? do you believe that "what goes around comes around," and if so is this the same as karma? does everyone get what they deserve, in the end?