Critics of the affirmative action programs that emerged in the 1970s viewed them as a form of

Which empire was called "the sick man of europe? "

How did the invention of the cotton gin affect slave labor in the united states? a. there was a forced migration of slaves from the south to the north. b. slave-owning cotton planters were gradually forced to sell their plantations. c. more slaves were purchased to work on cotton plantations in the south. d. the reduced need for labor on cotton plantations led to a decline in slavery. e. slaves were moved from cotton plantations to sugar plantations.

Other in the u.s. supreme court, all federal courts were established bya. the constitutionb. congressc. presidential executive orderd. the states