16. as a result of his puzzle box experiments, edward l. thorndike proposed the a. principle of trial and error. b. law of effect. c. law of random response. d. law of stimulus response.

The correct answer is B.

Edward Thorndike was an American psychologist. He contributed greatly to the behavioral psychology field and his research had big impact on education, especially with his theory of the law of effect.

He devised an experiment in which he used a puzzle box to test the laws of learning. He put a cat in the box, which was encouraged to escape to reach a piece of fish outside the box. The cat tried many ways to escape but eventually stumbled upon the lever that opened the box. In successive trials the cat would learn the pressing the lever would have favorable consequences and it would adopt this behavior.

This experiment led Thorndike to put forward the law of effect. It stated that any behavior that is followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated. Any behavior followed by unpleasant consequences is likely to be stopped.

nativists tried to get rid of the immigrants as they thought they were going to ruin the u.s.  

- "the past is made of multitudinous items ranging from anything that can be collected, recollected or assessed to originate in the past. as such, the past is a gallimaufry of particulars that may not have been related in any way. however, the human mind seeks organization to understand concepts and other things. the human mind therefore seeks relationships in explaining and studying the past. history being a humanity, dictates that historians have to serve this human trait by bringing structure to details of the past. historians do this by creating interpretive frameworks that capture as many details as possible."

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