What was a major reason for the formation of the north atlantic treaty organization in 1949?

The claim of papal supremacy held that the pope had authority over all religions on earth. the pope was the chief authority over the papal states. the pope had authority over all kings and emperors. the pope was the head of the western christian church.

Why are constitutions, both federal and state, necessary for our government?

What types of modernization did atatürk introduce? give examples.