In 1956, ninety-six members of congress signed the southern manifesto which stated question 13 options: that the supreme court had violated the principle of states' rights. that the progressives of the south would labor to bring the region into the 20th century. that segregation was an acceptable institution. that congress should never pass civil rights measures.

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts

b is the answer i am assuming