Explain the causes and symptoms of sickle cell anemia.

Sickle cell anemia requires the inheritance of two sickle cell genes.Sickle cell trait, which is the inheritance of one sickle gene, almost nevercauses problems. Virtually all of the major symptoms of sickle cell anemiaare the direct result of the abnormally shaped sickled red blood cells blocking the flow of blood.

There is a lot of explanation to go into the causes and symptoms of sickle cell anemia so I will just write about some of them here. 
Sickle cell anemia is a blood disorder (you probably already knew that) which is caused by a mutation in the gene that tells the body to make hemoglobin. Your body ends up making an off hemoglobin that is oddly shaped and sticky. Sickle Cell anemia is inherited though by the parents of a child. Two genes of the sickle hemoglobin have to be inherited by the parents to have the disease. If only one parent has the gene and the other parent has a normal gene than the child will be a carrier of the trait but not be affected.  
Now onto symptoms.
The most common symptom is anemia. Anemia is the shortage of red blood cells and this is because the sickle cells die much faster than regular red blood cells. This can lead to fatigue. 
Another major symptom is pain. Chronic pain can last for hours to days to weeks and some people will experience few episodes of pain.
There is also issues with vision as blood vessels in your eyes can become plugged and damage the retina.

There's way more to sickle cell than what I just explained and you can do some research on it. 

~This information is from my sickle cell research project.

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Ibelieve the answer is d.