Baseball questions 1. true or false each team is given four outs for each inning. 2. true or false 10 runs is the limit to the number of runs that a team can score in an inning or game. 3. true or false the strike zone is an area over home plate that ranges approximately from the batter’s armpits to the knees. 4. true or false when a batter is at bat, she will have a pitching count called by the catcher. this count is called after each pitch. 5. true or false tagging means that after the ball is caught, the runner must return to the base they were on, touch it, and then make the decision to stay put or run for the next base. 6. true or false a homerun is when the batter hits the ball and gets to third base. 7. true or false on defense, teams have the seven players spread throughout the baseball field, all with specific responsibilities and locations to cover on the field. 8. true or false the center fielder is responsible for conveying signals, in the form of hand gestures, to the pitcher to tell him what type of pitch to throw. 9. true or false the third baseman is positioned just to the right of the third base bag. this baseman must defend the area from the third-base line to about the halfway mark to second base.

[120 total points] (public health) in one of the largest human experiments ever conducted, in 1954 a randomized controlled trial was run to see whether a vaccine developed by a doctor named jonas salk was effective in preventing paralytic polio. a total of 401,974 children (ages 6–9), chosen to be representative of those who might be susceptible to the disease, were randomized to two groups: 200,745 children (the control group c) were injected with a harmless saline solution (a placebo) and the other 201,229 children (the treatment group t) were injected with salk’s vaccine.what was the point of giving saline solution to the children who didn’t get the vaccine? explain briefly.

In many ways, the regulation of the genes of a particular group of viruses will be similar to the regulation of the host genes. therefore, which of the following would you expect of the genes of a bacteriophage? a) regulation via acetylation of histonesb) positive control mechanisms rather than negativec) control of more than one gene in an operond) reliance on transcription activators

The herpes viruses are important enveloped dna viruses that cause disease in vertebrates and in some invertebrates such as oysters. some of the human forms are herpes simplex virus (hsv) types i and ii, causing facial and genital lesions, and the varicella zoster virus (vsv), causing chicken pox and shingles. each of these three actively infects nervous tissue. primary infections are fairly mild, but the virus is not then cleared from the host; rather, viral genomes are maintained in cells in a latent phase. the virus can later reactivate, replicate again, and infect others.in electron micrographs of hsv infection, it can be seen that the intact virus initially reacts with cell surface proteoglycans, then with specific receptors. this is later followed by viral capsids docking with nuclear pores. afterward, the capsids go from being full to being "empty." which of the following best fits these observations? a) viral capsids are needed for the cell to become infected; only the capsids enter the nucleus.b) the viral envelope is not required for infectivity, since the envelope does not enter the nucleus.c) only the genetic material of the virus is involved in the cell's infectivity, and is injected like the genome of a phage.d) the viral envelope mediates entry into the cell, the capsid mediates entry into the nuclear membrane, and the genome is all that enters the nucleus.