People living in hot climate bear more children give reason why

urgent ​

Climate change has begun to change our world in unprecedented

ways. We are already witnessing increasingly frequent and severe

floods, droughts and changes in precipitation as well as heat and

water stress. These phenomena are having, and will continue to

have, a devastating impact on living conditions in many parts of the

world, particularly where many of the world’s poorest and most

vulnerable children live.

Children will suffer disproportionately from climate change and

growing environmental risks:

• The youngest will have to contend with the immediate and

life-threatening dangers of climate-related disasters, food

insecurity, rising air pollution, increased risk of vector-borne

diseases, acute respiratory infections, diarrhoeal diseases and

malnutrition.1,2 Evidence is increasingly showing that these

risks can have a markedly detrimental impact on a child’s early

development.3,4

• Children, especially young children, live their lives at a faster

pace than adults. Consequently, anything harmful in the

environment is bound to have a relatively greater impact on

them. For example, young children breathe at twice the rate

of adults. In polluted environments, their risk of respiratory

infections, such as pneumonia, or conditions such as asthma,

is likely to be far higher than for adults.5, 6, 7

• Children’s vulnerability to vector-borne diseases such as

dengue, malaria, and diseases associated with poor water

quality, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene practices, such

as diarrhoeal diseases, is also far higher than adults. In 2015,

malaria is estimated to lead to 438,000 deaths, of which more

than two-thirds are children under 5 years of age.8 Children are

also more susceptible to undernutrition. Diarrhoeal diseases

are a major cause of under-five mortality, and are estimated to

result in 530,000 deaths in 2015 alone.9

• Some of the most dense child population areas in the world

are likely to suffer significantly from flooding, drought and

water and heat stress. These include parts of South Asia,

particularly coastal South Asia and south of the Himalayas;

the Mekong Delta; the Nile river basin; the Pacific Islands and

other Small Island Developing States (SIDS) across the world;

Equatorial Africa; and the Pacific coast of Latin America. Due

to several major global trends, including demographic and

migration trends, more and more people are living in disaster-

prone areas and exposed to weather extremes.10 Those

with the highest exposure to climate risks are also likely to

experience repetitive crises, which also makes it more difficult

for poor families and children to recover. Even without climate

change, the challenges ahead would stand to be enormous;

climate change will significantly compound these challenges.

• Children, particularly young children are reliant on adults for

their survival and development: whatever happens to adults

often has a devastating impact on children too. Besides the

direct risks of climate change, children are also affected when

climate change hits their parents and other caregivers, such

as loss of livelihoods and crop productivity. Moreover, when

climate change sparks conflict over dwindling resources,

children again pay the price for adults’ actions.

Today’s children will live longer than most of the people

who read this report. The impacts of climate change are

only just beginning, and will likely continue to worsen over

the lifetime of todays children, and future generations.

The decisions made now will have greatest impact on our

children.

The number of children potentially exposed to climate risks and

their effects is alarming. Currently, over half a billion 7children are

living in areas with extremely high levels of flood occurrence, and

nearly 160 million live in areas of high or extremely high drought

severity. Most of them live in some of the world’s poorest

countries with the least capacity to manage these environmental

risks.

Strengthening the resilience of the poorest children and families

to not only absorb these changes, but also adapt and transform,

will be critical. It will also require, as part of these efforts, that

we address the profound social and economic inequities that

drive the ways in which many children will be so deeply impacted

by the climate crisis.

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the american revolution encouraged other countries

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