Achronic disease related to smoking in which the alveoli become damaged, and the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs decreases, is known as

Emphysema

Explanation:

Emphysema is a lung condition that causes shortness of breath. In people with emphysema, the air sacs in the alveolar are damaged. Over time, the inner walls of the air sacs weaken and rupture - creating larger air spaces instead of many small ones. This affects their ability to breathe normally. This reduces the surface area of the lungs and, in turn, the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide that reaches your bloodstream.

The four classes of biological macro molecules are proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.  

Proteins are made up of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. They have multiple functions. They serve as major workers composing motor and structural elements in the cell. They can also function as enzymes, as well as helpers for storage, signal, transport, and more.

Lipids are made up of fatty acids and glycerol's. They are a hydrophobic compound that are used for energy storage, thermal insulation, protection, and chemical messengers. Lipids also regulate membrane permeability and aid in fat soluble vitamin production.Being hydrophobic means that lipids are not compatible with water.

Carbohydrates are made up of monosaccharides which are basic sugars that cannot be broken down anymore by water or anything else. Carbohydrates' major functions include energy provision, blood glucose regulation, biological processes recognition, and breakdown of fatty acids.  

Nucleic acids are made up of nucleotides which are organic molecules that forms DNA and RNA. Their structure consists of a nitrogenous base, pentose, and an attached phosphate group. The function of nucleic acids are the creation and storage of genetic information.