Name the reproductive characteristic that all seedless vascular plants share?

You isolate an infectious substance capable of causing disease in plants, but you do not know whether the infectious agent is a bacterium, virus, viroid, or prion. you have four methods at your disposal to analyze the substance and determine the nature of the infectious agent.i. treat the substance with enzymes that destroy all nucleic acids and then determine whether the substance is still infectious.ii. microscope.iii. culture the substance on nutritive medium, away from any plant cells.iv. treat the sample with proteases that digest all proteins and then determining whether the substance is still infectious.if you already know that the infectious agent was either bacterial or viral, which method(s) listed above would allow you to distinguish between these two possibilities? a) ib) iic) ii or iiid) iv

Effective community programs the individual, the community, organizations, and the government. select the sentence that shows a benefit to organizations. ryan and farah were discussing voluntary work. ryan was very keen to work on health-related issues. he knew that many districts had effective community programs. farah recently read a report about a local community program that reduce the rate of heart diseases by 30 percent. this reduced healthcare costs. local companies also saw productivity increases.

How does drinking alcohol or using drugs put a person at risk for hiv infection? a.they improve judgment, which makes it more likely for people to engage in risky behavior. b.they impair judgment, which makes it more likely for people to engage in risky behavior. c.they impair judgment, which makes it less likely for people to engage in risky behavior. d.they improve judgment, which makes it less likely for people to engage in risky behavior.