Which of these is a hallmark of a chronic disease?

Anemia of chronic disease is immune driven; cytokines and cells of the reticuloendothelial system induce changes in iron homeostasis, the proliferation of erythroid progenitor cells, the production of erythropoietin, and the life span of red cells, all of which contribute to the pathogenesis of anemia
Anemia with chronic kidney disease shares some of the characteristics of anemia of chronic disease, although the decrease in the production of erythropoietin, mediated by renal insufficiency and the antiproliferative effects of accumulating uremic toxins, contribute importantly
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