Joe is a 45-year-old office worker who finds his job boring. To ease his boredom, Joe smokes cigarettes and eats candy throughout the day. Joe goes out to lunch with friends, often to fast-food restaurants, where he typically eats hamburgers, French fries, and milk shakes. Joe’s height is 5 feet 9 inches tall, and recently his weight has risen from 195 to 220 pounds. As a result, Joe has decided not to eat dinner on a daily basis. Joe’s after-work activities include watching TV, bowling once a week, and occasionally taking a slow stroll around the block with his dog, Ralph. What are Joe’s controllable risk factors? What are Joe's non-controllable risk factors?

Explanation:

Risk factors are those things that can cause or increase the likely hood of disease, injury or any other health issues. Controllable risk factors are those risk factors that can be changed or influenced when appropriate steps are taken. Examples are smoking, physical inactivity, excercising etc.

With regards to the above, Joe's controllable risk factors are cigarettes smoking, weight increase, foods he eat like candy, hamburgers, french fries, milk shakes.

Non-controllable risk factors are those risk factors that cannot be changed or which one does not have control over hence could increase the likely-hood of health issues. eg agee, gender, height, race etc.

With regards to the above, Joe's uncontrollable risk factors are his height, his gender, his age etc