Which of the following refer to those elements that must be present for a health problem to come
into existence or are direct precursors to it?

You have not put the answer options, but the elements that must be present for a health problem to occur or are direct precursors to it, are the genetic predisposition and the exposure or vulnerability of agents that cause health problems.

Explanation:

We are all liable to experience health problems at any time in our lives, however some factors can influence these problems to occur.

The main of these factors is the genetic predisposition to a health problem that a person may have. as we inherit genes from our country, we are likely to have an ease in presenting the health problems that our parents have. This means that we must be careful and prevent ourselves well to reduce the chances of these health problems developing.

Another important factor is the exposure and the vulnerability that we can have to the cause of health problems. We can see an example of this right now, since the coronavirus is a cause of a disease that all people are vulnerable to, in addition, social isolation is established to reduce people's exposure to this virus.

the more fit you are, the faster the recovery. your heart rate drops most sharply in the first minute after you stop exercising; it should then fall about 20 beats a minute—a drop of less than 12 beats a minute is considered abnormal. this “recovery heart rate” is measured as part of an exercise stress test.