Your friend says that the primary reason astronauts in orbit feel weightless is that they are beyond the main pull of Earth’s gravity. Why do you agree or disagree?

Well disagree!

Explanation:

It is a very well known misconception that there is no gravity in space and the astronauts are very far away from earth so that's why there is no gravitational pull!

Lets for a second, assume that there is no gravity in space! then tell me how the Moon is still in its orbit around the Earth? what is that force that is keeping it there?

of-course it is gravity and it exists on the moon. However, It is true that the gravitational pull is relatively less as compared to Earth by around 11%.

So if you weigh 50 kg on Earth then you would weigh 44.5 kg on Moon.

If it is not gravity that makes astronauts in orbit feel weightless then what is it?

Its actually speed! The astronauts are falling from the Moon but still they don't fall to Earth because of the great orbital velocity of thousands of km/h. The Earth curves away and the astronauts move sideways really really fast so eventually it is like a free fall but you will never fall to Earth. And the is the precise reason why do astronauts feel weightless.

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