Provides nonsurgical treatment to detect, prevent, and treat heart and vascular disease.

To prevent: lifestyle modification

To Detect: Imaging like X-ray or Echocardiography

To Treat: Drugs

Explanation:

It all depends on the particular cardiovascular conditions in question but generally speaking, there are several non surgical options available.

To Prevent:

Prevention of cardiovascular diseases is practically done non surgically and this is because it’s usually a lifestyle modification and optimization and these includes regular exercises, eating healthy meals and minimizing cigarette smoking

To detect:

Detection of cardiovascular diseases can be carried out by several means amongst which includes Biochemical testing. Here, blood or urine samples can be tested in order to be sure of any ongoing cardiac pathology eg increase in c-reactive proteins.

Another method that can be used include imaging techniques. These include the all popular Xrays to more specific investigations like Echocardiography.

To Treat:

As for treatment, this largely depends on the particular ailment in question but severe drugs like cholesterol modifying medication, aspirin, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers and nitroglycerin can be used and are all non surgical approaches.

answer; (c); /out to the side and directly under the dogs neck.