How do plate tectonics folds, bends, lifts, and breaks parts of earths surface

Plate tectonics move due to convection currents that occur in the Earths Mantle. They rise from the Earths core and have enough energy to move plates. The parts of convection cells where the heat energy is concentrated are called plumes. ( Rising magma between convection currents) Plumes can move plates in four ways: 
Destructive; A destructive plate boundary is when plates are forced to push against each other. This generally involves the Oceanic crust and the Continental crust. The Oceanic crust is denser than the Continental plate so is forced underneath. This is called the subduction zone. When it gets pulled down it melts to form magma, which forms a magma chamber. Magma rises through the cracks in the Continental crust and as pressure builds up, a volcanic eruption may occur.

Collision: A collision zone is another type of destructive boundary. It is when plates are pushing together, which create fold mountains. This is how the Himalayas were formed. 

Constrictive/Extension; A constrictive plate is when the two plates are being pulled apart. This is due to the convection currents, when magma reaches the surface it cools and turns into a solid to form a new crust. This is repeated many times over a long period of time. They are generally formed under the sea, for example the mid-Atlantic-ridge. When it happens chains of underwater volcanoes will appear and could become very large that it erupts out of the sea to form a volcanic island. 

Conservative; A conservative boundary is when the plates are sliding horizontally past each other, causing extreme pressure to build. However no land is created, and none is destroyed, nor are volcanoes formed, but earthquakes are very common. A very well known example of a conservative boundary is the San Andrea's fault which runs through the state of California in the USA. 

Hope this helps! x
Got if from my geography book! x

Answer (d) may increase or decrease porosity through dissolution or deposition;

The figure is not necessarily a parallelogram because only one diagonal is bisected and only one pair of sides is congruent.