What four tools do mapmaker a use for readers interpret info on maps

The four tools that mapmakers uses in order to help reader interpret information on maps are:
=> Direction - This is where they give the direction on the map. Where to find the North, South, East and West.
=> Legend – This is where they give symbols on a map in order to depict meaning of a certain object written in a Map
=> Title – This is the most essential feature of the map. The content of the title should also be measured regarding to the lettering used.
=> Diagram – This is where neatlines, locater maps, insert maps and index maps are indicated.

Can you give me little more information