How is a subspecies different from a species?

short definition:

a species is a population or groups of populations that can potentially interbreed freely within and among themselves.

Subspecies, are subgroups within a species that have different traits

long definition

A species is a group of organisms that (in the case of sexually reproducing organisms) can freely interbreed, producing fertile offspring. This definition has its problems, but overall, it encompasses the meaning of the word “species” in biology.

A subspecies is, as the name implies, a smaller population within a species that share a particular common trait. Usually a sub species is at least partially genetically isolated from it’s parent species, so that interbreeding is less likely to occur. Most often a sub species is physically separated from the rest of the species, and may have some specific physical differences from the rest of the species. However, they are still able to interbreed with members of the parent population.

The investiture controversy began as a power struggle between pope gregory vii (1072–85) and henry iv, holy roman emperor (1056–1106).[2] a brief but significant struggle over investiture also occurred between henry i of england and pope paschal ii in the years 1103 to 1107, and the issue played a minor role in the struggles between church and state in france, as well.by undercutting the imperial power established by the salian emperors, the controversy led to nearly 50 years of civil war in germany, and the triumph of the great dukes and abbots. imperial power was finally re-established under the hohenstaufen dynasty. historian norman cantor:

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