Explain factors that account for contemporary and
historical trends in
population growth and
decline

In the past century, the world has recorded a rapid increase and decrease in population in different geographical areas. This has been influenced by different factors such as urbanization and family planning.

Urbanization creates better employment opportunities and wages. It also provides better social amenities such as schools and hospitals. These encourage people to move from rural areas to urban areas in search of a better living. The migration results in a decrease of population is the rural areas and a rapid increase in population in the urban cities.

Increased access to contraceptives has enabled women to limit family sizes. Women are able to plan for the number of children they intend to have. This has generally decreased the population growth in developed regions.

a and b because with the other three, they simplify to something else.