The process of upwelling magma at divergent boundaries, with subsequent movement away from those boundaries, and the return flow of cooled rock deep into the mantle, forming cycles of slowly moving rock may be explained by:

Historians are researchers of the past or people who understand the history of people. with this field, they must possess qualities such as being unbiased, patient, efficient reader, has a knack for logic and critical thinking and reasoning, disciplined, open-minded, resourceful, with good analytical ability, good reasoning skills and problem solving!

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Separated the laws of islam from the laws of the nationreplaced the old muslim calender with the gregorian calender  abolished religious courts and created a new legal system based on european law as opposed to the previous system based on the islamic law code granted women the right to vote and to hold public office launched government-funded programs to industrialize turkey and to spur the economic growth attempted to modernize turkey by banning the fez which was of greek origin marriage was considered civil and not religious and polygamy was abolished women were given the right to vote in all elections