The idea that the earth is old is supported by uniformitarianism and a. catastrophism b. gradualism c. volcanism

A.Catastrophism

Explanation:

Is the theory that is given by against the laws of uniformitarianism, and sometimes also described as the gradualism. In which slow and sudden changes create by the geologic features create are the key to studying past events.  Sudden changes such as a flood or the rapid transformation of mountain chains. The theory was developed in the 19th century by looking at the patterns of extinction flora and the fauna the laws of uniformitarianism require the assumptions of vast timelines. As a contrast to casteropjosim which takes studies earth history in a slow and occasional natural Catastrophic events.