Why did the ruler of jammu and kashmir hestitate to join india or pakistan?

The ruler's religion from the majority religion of his country.

Explanation:

As undoubtedly the Muslim dominated areas goes to Pakistan and majority of the religion there is Islam thus Jammu and Kashmir ruler heisted to join the Pakistan or India as it was different from his religion and at the time of the war he had either the option to join or remain independent which could not be possible, later the agreement was taken in favor of India.

Air pollution: “combustion results in gases such as nitrogen oxides, nitrogen dioxide and particulates. the main causes of air pollution include transport, domestic combustion and industrial processes. pollutants from these sources can cause problems in the immediate vicinity and a distance away.”