Consider the water that falls as rain or that melts from snow in central pennsylvania and that does not evaporate from trees or in other ways soon after falling. what happens to this non-evaporated water?

Water that is not evaporated or transpired by trees is infiltrated. Infiltration is the passage of water into the soil. This water can flow through the soil or move downward. this is called percolation. Eventually water that enters the soil can become a part of the groundwater and groundwater flow and enter rivers or end up in the sea.

Water flows along the east coast and across the western tropical pacific towards south america, while they both are directed towards that way,  el niño does not directly affect the southern flow of water along the coast.