Pioneer species move into an area after which event?

a. the formation of a climax community
b. a disturbance that forms new land without soil
c. a disturbance that clears away all plants
d. the enrichment of soil by plants
e. a disturbance in the force
i know its not e

моля да ми помогне с английски език аз не разбирам

molya da mi pomogne s angliĭski ezik az ne razbiram

answercharacteristics of place include things like economic activity, architecture,and culture,all of which are human elements that alter or can be influenced by the environment;