What ways do winds ocean currents latitude and land forms affect the regions climate?

As we know water takes longer to change in temperature that can affect the temperature of a region near water (coast)
being to high in land can make the place colder do it to elevation.
there is something call the rains shadow which affects places with big natural barriers
(mountains, volcanos etc)
the way it those is by stoping the clouds passing by
ex
ok imagine you need to pee so bad and the door is lock you try to open but you cant so you decide to unload by the door.
same happens with clouds they cant go through and it only rains in one side of the mountain or volcano and the results are one side is with very little water (rain shadow) while the other takes most of the water
leading to a rain forest and dry climate!

hope this helps

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Answerweathering;