Biotechnology has contributed all of the following to agriculture except ?
a. pesticides
b. synthetic fertilizers
c. shifting cultivation
d. bioengineered crops

Biotechnology has contributed all of the following to agriculture except shifting cultivation.

Biotechnology is a technology that uses living organisms (especially microorganisms) in agricultural, medical, industrial and other technological applications. In biotechnology, living organisms are used to produce useful chemicals and products or to carry out specific industrial task. From the question, biotechnology has contributed to agriculture by producing pesticides, synthetic fertilizers and bioengineered crops. Biotechnology has not contributed shifting cultivation to agriculture. Shifting cultivation is a method of farming in which a land is cleared for cultivation and it is then abandoned to regain its fertility.