Match the term in the column 1 the definition in the column 2 column 1 -
caliph
zionism
aliyah
diaspora

column 2 -
successor to muhammad
the movement to establish a jewish state
a group that is scattered outside it traditional homeland
immigrations of jews to the holy land

caliph - successor to Muhammad

Zionism  - the movement to establish a Jewish state

Aliyah -  immigrations of Jews to the holy land

diaspora - a group that is scattered outside it traditional homeland

Explanation:

After Muhammed died he was succeeded by Abu Bakr, the first of the caliphs. Because of internal conflicts, from 661 new Caliphate - Umayyad was  established, although Abbasid Caliphate made even larger impact.

Jewish diaspora was created after the exile of Jews, from their homeland, most notably during the Babylonian captivity. They were scattered across the globe, but with the rise of Zionism movement in the second half of 19th Century, idea to return Jews to their homeland started spreading. Aliyah happened once more, as in the times of Abraham and Moses.

answer d to the question