Define following concepts

1.1 settlement
1.2 rural settlement
1.3 urban settlement

settlement:an official agreement intended to resolve a dispute or conflict.a place, typically one that has hitherto been uninhabited, where people establish a community

rural settlement:The definition of a rural settlement depends on the country. In some countries, a rural settlement is any settlement in the areas defined as rural by a governmental office, e.g., by the national census bureau. This may include even rural towns. In some others, rural settlements traditionally do not include towns. 

urban settlement:An urban area, or built-up area, is a human settlement with a high population density and infrastructure of built environment. Urban areas are created through urbanization and are categorized by urban morphology as cities, towns, conurbations or suburbs.

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since there isn't any suggested answers i will give you the reason and hopefully you can figure it

south africa, or rather all of africa, has not been in the location in which it is nowadays throughout the geological past. after the super-continent pangaea started to break apart, gondwanaland, in which was africa, moved further south, and parts of it came to be very close to the south pole. because the climate in this part of the world is very cold due to the very dispersed sun rays in there, what is now south africa, started to freeze, and the conditions were right for the formation of glaciers. the glaciers existed up until the period when gondwanaland started to break apart and what is now africa started to move towards north, sp it warmed up and the glaciers melted.