What are the regions immediately surrounding earth's poles called?

Ones bigger then than the other

Temperature, rainfall and relative humidity.

Western europe's proximity to water has affected its climate since large bodies of water in the moderation of air temperature of the surrounding areas. the economy is also affected since it is great for the economic growth of the region. this allows easy access to trade for europe. culture is also affected by the proximity of water through the pattern of their day-to-day living.