In which of the following pairs do both countries exhibit zero or negative population growth rates?

Zero population growth (ZPG) is the absence of population growth in which equal birth and death rates create a stable human population. A Sub-Saharan Africa has the largest rate of natural increase (RNI)_ due to high birth rates. The RNI is the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate. North America, Australia, Russian Domain, and Europe all have neutral or negative RNI rates due to low birth rates. The crude birth rate (CBR) is the total number of births in a country per 1000 population per year. The lowest rates are in Europe, and the highest rates are in Africa and several Asian countries. Fig. 2-10: The infant mortality rate is the number of infant deaths per 1000 live births per year. When a population grows, its growth rate is a positive number (greater than 0). A negative growth rate (less than 0) would mean a population size gets smaller, reducing the number of people inhabiting that country.

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