In 1798 Thomas Malthus argued that populations grew exponentially while food supplies grew arithmetically. Consequently, Malthus argued that food shortages would develop until famine and other checks slowed population growth. What statement correctly explains why Malthus' prediction did not come true in 1800s Europe?

Malthus' theory was incorrect because he failed to consider that, because of developments in technology such as automation (for example, tractors), the use of pesticides and fertilizers, and the development of agricultural science, food supply might also rise exponentially.

He also did not expect population growth to slow down, at least in the developed world, because urbanization, industrialisation, and rising living standards have been demonstrated to result in fewer children in households.

Thomas Malthus theory:

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Malthus theory was wrong because he did not take into account that food supply could also grow exponentially, thanks to advances in technology such as mechanization (for example, tractors), the use of pesticides and fertilizers, and the development of agricultural science.

He also did not predict that population growth would eventually taper down, at least in the developed world, because urbanization, industrialization, and the rise of living standards have shown to result in families with fewer children.