Difference between formal functional and vernacular regions

What is a compass? how does it work

In which area will soil formation be greatest? a a steep slope in a warm,b wet climate a flat area in a warm,c wet climate a north-facing area on a steep slope a flat area in a cold, d wet climate description

In the following diagram, four different index fossils are labeled: which of the labeled fossils comes from the oldest organism? a b c d