In colonial spanish america, which system was
developed by the spanish to support plantation
agriculture?
(1) barter (3) domestic
(2) encomienda (4) guild

(2) encomienda.
Spaniards confiscated land from indigenous people, and rewarded it to spanish citizens, who established plantations, where locals would work using Spanish agricultural techniques, learn Spanish and be converted to Christianity.

Maybe a horizontal because its a pattern