When a Variable does not have any exponent, what number do you use

Which of the following statements is true? a. there is not enough food produced in the world to feed everyone. b. the biggest cause of hunger and malnutrition is the cost of getting food to people who need it most. c. most countries have enough arable land and resources to feed their own population and export a surplus d. malnourishment is only seen in a few countries with very limited food supplies.

What's erosion? a. the breakdown of rock into smaller pieces b. the removal of weathered products from rock c. a change in rock resulting from exposure to water d. a chemical change in rock that weakens it

What is the pattern of urbanisation around the word?