the region below the lithosphere, variously estimated as being from fifty to several hundred miles (eighty-five to several hundred kilometers) thick, in which the rock is less rigid than that above and below, but rigid enough to transmit transverse seismic waves.

Humans have survived and thrived in mexico city by using technology to create greater access to land. when the spanish conquered the aztec capital, tenochtitlan, in the 16th century, they built mexico city by draining the lakes and filling in the lake water to create more arable land for agriculture. this technique of land reclamation has continued to be fundamental to human civilization in mexico city. 

The answer is d., a mountain.

The answer to the first one is barometer.

I’m guessing probably a