1. which statements accurately describe northern italian renaissance city-states? choose all answers that are correct.

a. city-states were independently ruled cities and the land around them.
b. many italian city-states of the renaissance were republics.
c. leadership of the city-states was based on heredity.
d. many city-states chose to merge in order to protect their borders.

2. which individual from the renaissance is known as the \"father of humanism\" because of the education program he introduced?

a. cosimo de' medici
b. giotto
c. dante
d. petrarch

3. which are characteristics of humanism?

a. emphasis on belief in the power of scientific inquiry and confidence in experimentation
b. belief in the value of humility, stress on religious devotion, and confidence in the wisdom of the church fathers
c. stress on a literal interpretation of the bible and confidence in medieval scholarship
d. stress on the wisdom of the classics, belief in the dignity of humans, and confidence in human potential

4. why did the renaissance begin in italy? . choose all answers that are correct.

a. italy's central location provided a good setting for commerce, so trade revived there first.
b. italy had been the center of the roman empire and the ancient ruins reminded people of rome's greatness.
c. the middle ages had little impact on italy where centralized government and the economy continued to flourish after the fall of rome.
d. the black plague had not devastated italy as it had other areas of europe.

5. which statements accurately describe the roles of the popes and patrons of the arts in restoring the city of rome? . choose all answers that are correct.

a. closed rome to outsiders to protect its unique style and methods of producing art.
b. opened free elementary schools for young boys who showed artistic potential.
c. paid sculptors to fill public squares with statues.
d. employed scribes to copy latin and greek texts