The southern part of Israel in which Jerusalem was located in the time of Jesus was the province of .

Explanation:

Judea, also known as Yehuda in Hebrew language, was a significant kingdom in the middle east during the Iron Age. Today, the kingdom of Judea is believed to be located near modern day Israel.

Judea was believed to be one among the three primordial Palestinian kingdom - the other two were Samaria, the central division, and Galilee, the northern division.

During this period of time the whole region of Israel lived in unity and is often called as the 'Golden Age of Isreal'.

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