The earth's surface extending downward to the center of the earth and upward into space, including all things permanently attached, but not the rights such as an easement, is known as:

Land

Explanation:

Land is the part of the planet that is solid and not solid like lakes or rivers. Is a resource that has no cost of production, until humankind start to use it for specific purposes. This concept includes all the physical elements that are over there like climate, fields, forest, animals, etc. Also this resource includes everything that is on the surface, like buildings, trees, etc. But also, above the surface like the air space. And also, the things that are under he ground like minerals or oil that it is discover.

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