3.) the following is an example of a land where ethnic conflicts have occurred:

ethiopia

all of the above

somalia

eritrea

The correct response is All of the Above.

Explanation:

Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Somalia have all had what can be considered ethnic conflicts in recent decades and their ethnicities and border conflicts overlap. In Ethiopia, there continues to be ethnic conflict in the south of the country between the Oromo and ethnic Somalis.  Also, Eritrea has been in what can be considered an ethnic conflict with Ethiopia for decades. Eritrea was placed under Ethiopian control after WWII, but most of Eritrea's people wanted independence and saw it as a country independent from Ethiopia.

The largest ethnic group and language dominant in Eritrea is Tigrinya, which is also spoken by a minority in Ethiopia. Different rebel groups fought for Eriteria's independence and also fought among themselves: the ELP which was originally predominantly Muslim-led and the EPLF (which factioned off of the ELP) was dominated by Tigrinya speaking people, many of whom were Christian. Although there are scholars who claim that Somalia is the most ethnically homogeneous nation in Africa, it has also been affected by decades of inter-clan warfare with militias organized along major clan lines. However, anthropologists like Besteman (1996) who study Somalia say the warfare in the 1990s was not just based on primordial clan membership but on notions of class and race, with it being an aggression of urban elites vying for control and resources at the expense of southern village dwellers who were considered linked to marginal groups like the "Bantu" Somalis.